vfs-6.16-rc1.writepage

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Merge tag 'vfs-6.16-rc1.writepage' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull final writepage conversion from Christian Brauner:
 "This converts vboxfs from ->writepage() to ->writepages().

  This was the last user of the ->writepage() method. So remove
  ->writepage() completely and all references to it"

* tag 'vfs-6.16-rc1.writepage' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
  fs: Remove aops->writepage
  mm: Remove swap_writepage() and shmem_writepage()
  ttm: Call shmem_writeout() from ttm_backup_backup_page()
  i915: Use writeback_iter()
  shmem: Add shmem_writeout()
  writeback: Remove writeback_use_writepage()
  migrate: Remove call to ->writepage
  vboxsf: Convert to writepages
  9p: Add a migrate_folio method

Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst

@@ -3019,7 +3019,7 @@ Filesystem Support for Writeback
 --------------------------------
 
 A filesystem can support cgroup writeback by updating
-address_space_operations->writepage[s]() to annotate bio's using the
+address_space_operations->writepages() to annotate bio's using the
 following two functions.
 
   wbc_init_bio(@wbc, @bio)

Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst

@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ read the ciphertext into the page cache and decrypt it in-place.  The
 folio lock must be held until decryption has finished, to prevent the
 folio from becoming visible to userspace prematurely.
 
-For the write path (->writepage()) of regular files, filesystems
+For the write path (->writepages()) of regular files, filesystems
 cannot encrypt data in-place in the page cache, since the cached
 plaintext must be preserved.  Instead, filesystems must encrypt into a
 temporary buffer or "bounce page", then write out the temporary

Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst

@@ -249,7 +249,6 @@ address_space_operations
 ========================
 prototypes::
 
-	int (*writepage)(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
 	int (*read_folio)(struct file *, struct folio *);
 	int (*writepages)(struct address_space *, struct writeback_control *);
 	bool (*dirty_folio)(struct address_space *, struct folio *folio);
@@ -280,7 +279,6 @@ locking rules:
 ======================	======================== =========	===============
 ops			folio locked		 i_rwsem	invalidate_lock
 ======================	======================== =========	===============
-writepage:		yes, unlocks (see below)
 read_folio:		yes, unlocks				shared
 writepages:
 dirty_folio:		maybe
@@ -309,54 +307,6 @@ completion.
 
 ->readahead() unlocks the folios that I/O is attempted on like ->read_folio().
 
-->writepage() is used for two purposes: for "memory cleansing" and for
-"sync".  These are quite different operations and the behaviour may differ
-depending upon the mode.
-
-If writepage is called for sync (wbc->sync_mode != WBC_SYNC_NONE) then
-it *must* start I/O against the page, even if that would involve
-blocking on in-progress I/O.
-
-If writepage is called for memory cleansing (sync_mode ==
-WBC_SYNC_NONE) then its role is to get as much writeout underway as
-possible.  So writepage should try to avoid blocking against
-currently-in-progress I/O.
-
-If the filesystem is not called for "sync" and it determines that it
-would need to block against in-progress I/O to be able to start new I/O
-against the page the filesystem should redirty the page with
-redirty_page_for_writepage(), then unlock the page and return zero.
-This may also be done to avoid internal deadlocks, but rarely.
-
-If the filesystem is called for sync then it must wait on any
-in-progress I/O and then start new I/O.
-
-The filesystem should unlock the page synchronously, before returning to the
-caller, unless ->writepage() returns special WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE
-value. WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE means that page cannot really be written out
-currently, and VM should stop calling ->writepage() on this page for some
-time. VM does this by moving page to the head of the active list, hence the
-name.
-
-Unless the filesystem is going to redirty_page_for_writepage(), unlock the page
-and return zero, writepage *must* run set_page_writeback() against the page,
-followed by unlocking it.  Once set_page_writeback() has been run against the
-page, write I/O can be submitted and the write I/O completion handler must run
-end_page_writeback() once the I/O is complete.  If no I/O is submitted, the
-filesystem must run end_page_writeback() against the page before returning from
-writepage.
-
-That is: after 2.5.12, pages which are under writeout are *not* locked.  Note,
-if the filesystem needs the page to be locked during writeout, that is ok, too,
-the page is allowed to be unlocked at any point in time between the calls to
-set_page_writeback() and end_page_writeback().
-
-Note, failure to run either redirty_page_for_writepage() or the combination of
-set_page_writeback()/end_page_writeback() on a page submitted to writepage
-will leave the page itself marked clean but it will be tagged as dirty in the
-radix tree.  This incoherency can lead to all sorts of hard-to-debug problems
-in the filesystem like having dirty inodes at umount and losing written data.
-
 ->writepages() is used for periodic writeback and for syscall-initiated
 sync operations.  The address_space should start I/O against at least
 ``*nr_to_write`` pages.  ``*nr_to_write`` must be decremented for each page
@@ -364,8 +314,8 @@ which is written.  The address_space implementation may write more (or less)
 pages than ``*nr_to_write`` asks for, but it should try to be reasonably close.
 If nr_to_write is NULL, all dirty pages must be written.
 
-writepages should _only_ write pages which are present on
+writepages should _only_ write pages which are present in
-mapping->io_pages.
+mapping->i_pages.
 
 ->dirty_folio() is called from various places in the kernel when
 the target folio is marked as needing writeback.  The folio cannot be

Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst

@@ -716,9 +716,8 @@ page lookup by address, and keeping track of pages tagged as Dirty or
 Writeback.
 
 The first can be used independently to the others.  The VM can try to
-either write dirty pages in order to clean them, or release clean pages
+release clean pages in order to reuse them.  To do this it can call
-in order to reuse them.  To do this it can call the ->writepage method
+->release_folio on clean folios with the private
-on dirty pages, and ->release_folio on clean folios with the private
 flag set.  Clean pages without PagePrivate and with no external references
 will be released without notice being given to the address_space.
 
@@ -731,8 +730,8 @@ maintains information about the PG_Dirty and PG_Writeback status of each
 page, so that pages with either of these flags can be found quickly.
 
 The Dirty tag is primarily used by mpage_writepages - the default
-->writepages method.  It uses the tag to find dirty pages to call
+->writepages method.  It uses the tag to find dirty pages to
-->writepage on.  If mpage_writepages is not used (i.e. the address
+write back.  If mpage_writepages is not used (i.e. the address
 provides its own ->writepages) , the PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY tag is almost
 unused.  write_inode_now and sync_inode do use it (through
 __sync_single_inode) to check if ->writepages has been successful in
@@ -756,23 +755,23 @@ pages, however the address_space has finer control of write sizes.
 
 The read process essentially only requires 'read_folio'.  The write
 process is more complicated and uses write_begin/write_end or
-dirty_folio to write data into the address_space, and writepage and
+dirty_folio to write data into the address_space, and
 writepages to writeback data to storage.
 
 Adding and removing pages to/from an address_space is protected by the
 inode's i_mutex.
 
 When data is written to a page, the PG_Dirty flag should be set.  It
-typically remains set until writepage asks for it to be written.  This
+typically remains set until writepages asks for it to be written.  This
 should clear PG_Dirty and set PG_Writeback.  It can be actually written
 at any point after PG_Dirty is clear.  Once it is known to be safe,
 PG_Writeback is cleared.
 
 Writeback makes use of a writeback_control structure to direct the
-operations.  This gives the writepage and writepages operations some
+operations.  This gives the writepages operation some
 information about the nature of and reason for the writeback request,
 and the constraints under which it is being done.  It is also used to
-return information back to the caller about the result of a writepage or
+return information back to the caller about the result of a
 writepages request.
 
 
@@ -819,7 +818,6 @@ cache in your filesystem.  The following members are defined:
 .. code-block:: c
 
 	struct address_space_operations {
-		int (*writepage)(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
 		int (*read_folio)(struct file *, struct folio *);
 		int (*writepages)(struct address_space *, struct writeback_control *);
 		bool (*dirty_folio)(struct address_space *, struct folio *);
@@ -848,25 +846,6 @@ cache in your filesystem.  The following members are defined:
 		int (*swap_rw)(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter);
 	};
 
-``writepage``
-	called by the VM to write a dirty page to backing store.  This
-	may happen for data integrity reasons (i.e. 'sync'), or to free
-	up memory (flush).  The difference can be seen in
-	wbc->sync_mode.  The PG_Dirty flag has been cleared and
-	PageLocked is true.  writepage should start writeout, should set
-	PG_Writeback, and should make sure the page is unlocked, either
-	synchronously or asynchronously when the write operation
-	completes.
-
-	If wbc->sync_mode is WB_SYNC_NONE, ->writepage doesn't have to
-	try too hard if there are problems, and may choose to write out
-	other pages from the mapping if that is easier (e.g. due to
-	internal dependencies).  If it chooses not to start writeout, it
-	should return AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE so that the VM will not
-	keep calling ->writepage on that page.
-
-	See the file "Locking" for more details.
-
 ``read_folio``
 	Called by the page cache to read a folio from the backing store.
 	The 'file' argument supplies authentication information to network
@@ -909,7 +888,7 @@ cache in your filesystem.  The following members are defined:
 	given and that many pages should be written if possible.  If no
 	->writepages is given, then mpage_writepages is used instead.
 	This will choose pages from the address space that are tagged as
-	DIRTY and will pass them to ->writepage.
+	DIRTY and will write them back.
 
 ``dirty_folio``
 	called by the VM to mark a folio as dirty.  This is particularly

block/blk-wbt.c

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 enum wbt_flags {
 	WBT_TRACKED		= 1,	/* write, tracked for throttling */
 	WBT_READ		= 2,	/* read */
-	WBT_SWAP		= 4,	/* write, from swap_writepage() */
+	WBT_SWAP		= 4,	/* write, from swap_writeout() */
 	WBT_DISCARD		= 8,	/* discard */
 
 	WBT_NR_BITS		= 4,	/* number of bits */

drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_shmem.c

@@ -305,36 +305,20 @@ void __shmem_writeback(size_t size, struct address_space *mapping)
 		.range_end = LLONG_MAX,
 		.for_reclaim = 1,
 	};
-	unsigned long i;
+	struct folio *folio = NULL;
+	int error = 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Leave mmapings intact (GTT will have been revoked on unbinding,
-	 * leaving only CPU mmapings around) and add those pages to the LRU
+	 * leaving only CPU mmapings around) and add those folios to the LRU
 	 * instead of invoking writeback so they are aged and paged out
 	 * as normal.
 	 */
-
+	while ((folio = writeback_iter(mapping, &wbc, folio, &error))) {
-	/* Begin writeback on each dirty page */
+		if (folio_mapped(folio))
-	for (i = 0; i < size >> PAGE_SHIFT; i++) {
+			folio_redirty_for_writepage(&wbc, folio);
-		struct page *page;
+		else
-
+			error = shmem_writeout(folio, &wbc);
-		page = find_lock_page(mapping, i);
-		if (!page)
-			continue;
-
-		if (!page_mapped(page) && clear_page_dirty_for_io(page)) {
-			int ret;
-
-			SetPageReclaim(page);
-			ret = mapping->a_ops->writepage(page, &wbc);
-			if (!PageWriteback(page))
-				ClearPageReclaim(page);
-			if (!ret)
-				goto put;
-		}
-		unlock_page(page);
-put:
-		put_page(page);
 	}
 }
 

drivers/gpu/drm/ttm/ttm_backup.c

@@ -120,13 +120,13 @@ ttm_backup_backup_page(struct file *backup, struct page *page,
 			.for_reclaim = 1,
 		};
 		folio_set_reclaim(to_folio);
-		ret = mapping->a_ops->writepage(folio_file_page(to_folio, idx), &wbc);
+		ret = shmem_writeout(to_folio, &wbc);
 		if (!folio_test_writeback(to_folio))
 			folio_clear_reclaim(to_folio);
 		/*
-		 * If writepage succeeds, it unlocks the folio.
+		 * If writeout succeeds, it unlocks the folio.	errors
-		 * writepage() errors are otherwise dropped, since writepage()
+		 * are otherwise dropped, since writeout is only best
-		 * is only best effort here.
+		 * effort here.
 		 */
 		if (ret)
 			folio_unlock(to_folio);

fs/9p/vfs_addr.c

@@ -164,4 +164,5 @@ const struct address_space_operations v9fs_addr_operations = {
 	.invalidate_folio	= netfs_invalidate_folio,
 	.direct_IO		= noop_direct_IO,
 	.writepages		= netfs_writepages,
+	.migrate_folio		= filemap_migrate_folio,
 };

fs/buffer.c

@@ -2730,7 +2730,7 @@ int block_truncate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_truncate_page);
 
 /*
- * The generic ->writepage function for buffer-backed address_spaces
+ * The generic write folio function for buffer-backed address_spaces
  */
 int block_write_full_folio(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc,
 		void *get_block)
@@ -2750,7 +2750,7 @@ int block_write_full_folio(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc,
 
 	/*
 	 * The folio straddles i_size.  It must be zeroed out on each and every
-	 * writepage invocation because it may be mmapped.  "A file is mapped
+	 * writeback invocation because it may be mmapped.  "A file is mapped
 	 * in multiples of the page size.  For a file that is not a multiple of
 	 * the page size, the remaining memory is zeroed when mapped, and
 	 * writes to that region are not written out to the file."

fs/vboxsf/file.c

@@ -262,40 +262,42 @@ static struct vboxsf_handle *vboxsf_get_write_handle(struct vboxsf_inode *sf_i)
 	return sf_handle;
 }
 
-static int vboxsf_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+static int vboxsf_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
+		struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
-	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	struct folio *folio = NULL;
 	struct vboxsf_inode *sf_i = VBOXSF_I(inode);
 	struct vboxsf_handle *sf_handle;
-	loff_t off = page_offset(page);
 	loff_t size = i_size_read(inode);
-	u32 nwrite = PAGE_SIZE;
+	int error;
-	u8 *buf;
-	int err;
-
-	if (off + PAGE_SIZE > size)
-		nwrite = size & ~PAGE_MASK;
 
 	sf_handle = vboxsf_get_write_handle(sf_i);
 	if (!sf_handle)
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	buf = kmap(page);
+	while ((folio = writeback_iter(mapping, wbc, folio, &error))) {
-	err = vboxsf_write(sf_handle->root, sf_handle->handle,
+		loff_t off = folio_pos(folio);
+		u32 nwrite = folio_size(folio);
+		u8 *buf;
+
+		if (nwrite > size - off)
+			nwrite = size - off;
+
+		buf = kmap_local_folio(folio, 0);
+		error = vboxsf_write(sf_handle->root, sf_handle->handle,
 				off, &nwrite, buf);
-	kunmap(page);
+		kunmap_local(buf);
+
+		folio_unlock(folio);
+	}
 
 	kref_put(&sf_handle->refcount, vboxsf_handle_release);
 
-	if (err == 0) {
 	/* mtime changed */
+	if (error == 0)
 		sf_i->force_restat = 1;
-	} else {
+	return error;
-		ClearPageUptodate(page);
-	}
-
-	unlock_page(page);
-	return err;
 }
 
 static int vboxsf_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
@@ -347,10 +349,11 @@ static int vboxsf_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
  */
 const struct address_space_operations vboxsf_reg_aops = {
 	.read_folio = vboxsf_read_folio,
-	.writepage = vboxsf_writepage,
+	.writepages = vboxsf_writepages,
 	.dirty_folio = filemap_dirty_folio,
 	.write_begin = simple_write_begin,
 	.write_end = vboxsf_write_end,
+	.migrate_folio = filemap_migrate_folio,
 };
 
 static const char *vboxsf_get_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode,

include/linux/fs.h

@@ -433,7 +433,6 @@ static inline bool is_sync_kiocb(struct kiocb *kiocb)
 }
 
 struct address_space_operations {
-	int (*writepage)(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
 	int (*read_folio)(struct file *, struct folio *);
 
 	/* Write back some dirty pages from this mapping. */

include/linux/shmem_fs.h

@@ -104,10 +104,11 @@ static inline bool shmem_mapping(struct address_space *mapping)
 	return false;
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_SHMEM */
-extern void shmem_unlock_mapping(struct address_space *mapping);
+void shmem_unlock_mapping(struct address_space *mapping);
-extern struct page *shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp(struct address_space *mapping,
+struct page *shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp(struct address_space *mapping,
 					pgoff_t index, gfp_t gfp_mask);
-extern void shmem_truncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, loff_t end);
+int shmem_writeout(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc);
+void shmem_truncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, loff_t end);
 int shmem_unuse(unsigned int type);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE

mm/migrate.c

@@ -946,67 +946,21 @@ int filemap_migrate_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(filemap_migrate_folio);
 
-/*
- * Writeback a folio to clean the dirty state
- */
-static int writeout(struct address_space *mapping, struct folio *folio)
-{
-	struct writeback_control wbc = {
-		.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
-		.nr_to_write = 1,
-		.range_start = 0,
-		.range_end = LLONG_MAX,
-		.for_reclaim = 1
-	};
-	int rc;
-
-	if (!mapping->a_ops->writepage)
-		/* No write method for the address space */
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	if (!folio_clear_dirty_for_io(folio))
-		/* Someone else already triggered a write */
-		return -EAGAIN;
-
-	/*
-	 * A dirty folio may imply that the underlying filesystem has
-	 * the folio on some queue. So the folio must be clean for
-	 * migration. Writeout may mean we lose the lock and the
-	 * folio state is no longer what we checked for earlier.
-	 * At this point we know that the migration attempt cannot
-	 * be successful.
-	 */
-	remove_migration_ptes(folio, folio, 0);
-
-	rc = mapping->a_ops->writepage(&folio->page, &wbc);
-
-	if (rc != AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE)
-		/* unlocked. Relock */
-		folio_lock(folio);
-
-	return (rc < 0) ? -EIO : -EAGAIN;
-}
-
 /*
  * Default handling if a filesystem does not provide a migration function.
  */
 static int fallback_migrate_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
 		struct folio *dst, struct folio *src, enum migrate_mode mode)
 {
-	if (folio_test_dirty(src)) {
+	WARN_ONCE(mapping->a_ops->writepages,
-		/* Only writeback folios in full synchronous migration */
+			"%ps does not implement migrate_folio\n",
-		switch (mode) {
+			mapping->a_ops);
-		case MIGRATE_SYNC:
+	if (folio_test_dirty(src))
-			break;
-		default:
 		return -EBUSY;
-		}
-		return writeout(mapping, src);
-	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Buffers may be managed in a filesystem specific way.
+	 * Filesystem may have private data at folio->private that we
-	 * We must have no buffers or drop them.
+	 * can't migrate automatically.
 	 */
 	if (!filemap_release_folio(src, GFP_KERNEL))
 		return mode == MIGRATE_SYNC ? -EAGAIN : -EBUSY;

mm/page-writeback.c

@@ -2621,27 +2621,6 @@ int write_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_cache_pages);
 
-static int writeback_use_writepage(struct address_space *mapping,
-		struct writeback_control *wbc)
-{
-	struct folio *folio = NULL;
-	struct blk_plug plug;
-	int err;
-
-	blk_start_plug(&plug);
-	while ((folio = writeback_iter(mapping, wbc, folio, &err))) {
-		err = mapping->a_ops->writepage(&folio->page, wbc);
-		if (err == AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE) {
-			folio_unlock(folio);
-			err = 0;
-		}
-		mapping_set_error(mapping, err);
-	}
-	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
 int do_writepages(struct address_space *mapping, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -2652,14 +2631,11 @@ int do_writepages(struct address_space *mapping, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 	wb = inode_to_wb_wbc(mapping->host, wbc);
 	wb_bandwidth_estimate_start(wb);
 	while (1) {
-		if (mapping->a_ops->writepages) {
+		if (mapping->a_ops->writepages)
 			ret = mapping->a_ops->writepages(mapping, wbc);
-		} else if (mapping->a_ops->writepage) {
+		else
-			ret = writeback_use_writepage(mapping, wbc);
-		} else {
 			/* deal with chardevs and other special files */
 			ret = 0;
-		}
 		if (ret != -ENOMEM || wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL)
 			break;
 

mm/page_io.c

@@ -237,9 +237,8 @@ static void swap_zeromap_folio_clear(struct folio *folio)
  * We may have stale swap cache pages in memory: notice
  * them here and get rid of the unnecessary final write.
  */
-int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+int swap_writeout(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
-	struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
 	int ret;
 
 	if (folio_free_swap(folio)) {

mm/shmem.c

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ static struct vfsmount *shm_mnt __ro_after_init;
 #define SHORT_SYMLINK_LEN 128
 
 /*
- * shmem_fallocate communicates with shmem_fault or shmem_writepage via
+ * shmem_fallocate communicates with shmem_fault or shmem_writeout via
  * inode->i_private (with i_rwsem making sure that it has only one user at
  * a time): we would prefer not to enlarge the shmem inode just for that.
  */
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ struct shmem_falloc {
 	pgoff_t start;		/* start of range currently being fallocated */
 	pgoff_t next;		/* the next page offset to be fallocated */
 	pgoff_t nr_falloced;	/* how many new pages have been fallocated */
-	pgoff_t nr_unswapped;	/* how often writepage refused to swap out */
+	pgoff_t nr_unswapped;	/* how often writeout refused to swap out */
 };
 
 struct shmem_options {
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ static void shmem_recalc_inode(struct inode *inode, long alloced, long swapped)
 	/*
 	 * Special case: whereas normally shmem_recalc_inode() is called
 	 * after i_mapping->nrpages has already been adjusted (up or down),
-	 * shmem_writepage() has to raise swapped before nrpages is lowered -
+	 * shmem_writeout() has to raise swapped before nrpages is lowered -
 	 * to stop a racing shmem_recalc_inode() from thinking that a page has
 	 * been freed.  Compensate here, to avoid the need for a followup call.
 	 */
@@ -1536,12 +1536,15 @@ int shmem_unuse(unsigned int type)
 	return error;
 }
 
-/*
+/**
- * Move the page from the page cache to the swap cache.
+ * shmem_writeout - Write the folio to swap
+ * @folio: The folio to write
+ * @wbc: How writeback is to be done
+ *
+ * Move the folio from the page cache to the swap cache.
  */
-static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+int shmem_writeout(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
-	struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
 	struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping;
 	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
 	struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
@@ -1550,13 +1553,6 @@ static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 	int nr_pages;
 	bool split = false;
 
-	/*
-	 * Our capabilities prevent regular writeback or sync from ever calling
-	 * shmem_writepage; but a stacking filesystem might use ->writepage of
-	 * its underlying filesystem, in which case tmpfs should write out to
-	 * swap only in response to memory pressure, and not for the writeback
-	 * threads or sync.
-	 */
 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!wbc->for_reclaim))
 		goto redirty;
 
@@ -1586,9 +1582,8 @@ static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 try_split:
 		/* Ensure the subpages are still dirty */
 		folio_test_set_dirty(folio);
-		if (split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(page, wbc->list, 0))
+		if (split_folio_to_list(folio, wbc->list))
 			goto redirty;
-		folio = page_folio(page);
 		folio_clear_dirty(folio);
 	}
 
@@ -1646,7 +1641,7 @@ static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 
 		mutex_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex);
 		BUG_ON(folio_mapped(folio));
-		return swap_writepage(&folio->page, wbc);
+		return swap_writeout(folio, wbc);
 	}
 
 	list_del_init(&info->swaplist);
@@ -1660,6 +1655,7 @@ static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 	folio_unlock(folio);
 	return 0;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_writeout);
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_NUMA) && defined(CONFIG_TMPFS)
 static void shmem_show_mpol(struct seq_file *seq, struct mempolicy *mpol)
@@ -3768,7 +3764,7 @@ static long shmem_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
 			index--;
 
 		/*
-		 * Inform shmem_writepage() how far we have reached.
+		 * Inform shmem_writeout() how far we have reached.
 		 * No need for lock or barrier: we have the page lock.
 		 */
 		if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio))
@@ -5191,7 +5187,6 @@ static int shmem_error_remove_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
 }
 
 static const struct address_space_operations shmem_aops = {
-	.writepage	= shmem_writepage,
 	.dirty_folio	= noop_dirty_folio,
 #ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
 	.write_begin	= shmem_write_begin,

mm/swap.h

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ static inline void swap_read_unplug(struct swap_iocb *plug)
 		__swap_read_unplug(plug);
 }
 void swap_write_unplug(struct swap_iocb *sio);
-int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
+int swap_writeout(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc);
 void __swap_writepage(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc);
 
 /* linux/mm/swap_state.c */
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ static inline struct folio *swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t swp, gfp_t gfp_mask,
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static inline int swap_writepage(struct page *p, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+static inline int swap_writeout(struct folio *f, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
 	return 0;
 }

mm/swap_state.c

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
  * vmscan's shrink_folio_list.
  */
 static const struct address_space_operations swap_aops = {
-	.writepage	= swap_writepage,
 	.dirty_folio	= noop_dirty_folio,
 #ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
 	.migrate_folio	= migrate_folio,

mm/swapfile.c

@@ -2368,7 +2368,7 @@ static int try_to_unuse(unsigned int type)
 	 * Limit the number of retries? No: when mmget_not_zero()
 	 * above fails, that mm is likely to be freeing swap from
 	 * exit_mmap(), which proceeds at its own independent pace;
-	 * and even shmem_writepage() could have been preempted after
+	 * and even shmem_writeout() could have been preempted after
 	 * folio_alloc_swap(), temporarily hiding that swap.  It's easy
 	 * and robust (though cpu-intensive) just to keep retrying.
 	 */

mm/vmscan.c

@@ -648,21 +648,20 @@ typedef enum {
 
 /*
  * pageout is called by shrink_folio_list() for each dirty folio.
- * Calls ->writepage().
  */
 static pageout_t pageout(struct folio *folio, struct address_space *mapping,
 			 struct swap_iocb **plug, struct list_head *folio_list)
 {
+	int (*writeout)(struct folio *, struct writeback_control *);
+
 	/*
-	 * If the folio is dirty, only perform writeback if that write
+	 * We no longer attempt to writeback filesystem folios here, other
-	 * will be non-blocking.  To prevent this allocation from being
+	 * than tmpfs/shmem.  That's taken care of in page-writeback.
-	 * stalled by pagecache activity.  But note that there may be
+	 * If we find a dirty filesystem folio at the end of the LRU list,
-	 * stalls if we need to run get_block().  We could test
+	 * typically that means the filesystem is saturating the storage
-	 * PagePrivate for that.
+	 * with contiguous writes and telling it to write a folio here
-	 *
+	 * would only make the situation worse by injecting an element
-	 * If this process is currently in __generic_file_write_iter() against
+	 * of random access.
-	 * this folio's queue, we can perform writeback even if that
-	 * will block.
 	 *
 	 * If the folio is swapcache, write it back even if that would
 	 * block, for some throttling. This happens by accident, because
@@ -685,7 +684,11 @@ static pageout_t pageout(struct folio *folio, struct address_space *mapping,
 		}
 		return PAGE_KEEP;
 	}
-	if (mapping->a_ops->writepage == NULL)
+	if (shmem_mapping(mapping))
+		writeout = shmem_writeout;
+	else if (folio_test_anon(folio))
+		writeout = swap_writeout;
+	else
 		return PAGE_ACTIVATE;
 
 	if (folio_clear_dirty_for_io(folio)) {
@@ -708,7 +711,7 @@ static pageout_t pageout(struct folio *folio, struct address_space *mapping,
 			wbc.list = folio_list;
 
 		folio_set_reclaim(folio);
-		res = mapping->a_ops->writepage(&folio->page, &wbc);
+		res = writeout(folio, &wbc);
 		if (res < 0)
 			handle_write_error(mapping, folio, res);
 		if (res == AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE) {
@@ -717,7 +720,7 @@ static pageout_t pageout(struct folio *folio, struct address_space *mapping,
 		}
 
 		if (!folio_test_writeback(folio)) {
-			/* synchronous write or broken a_ops? */
+			/* synchronous write? */
 			folio_clear_reclaim(folio);
 		}
 		trace_mm_vmscan_write_folio(folio);