mm/huge_memory.c: introduce folio_split_unmapped

Unmapped was added as a parameter to __folio_split() and related call
sites to support splitting of folios already in the midst of a migration. 
This special case arose for device private folio migration since during
migration there could be a disconnect between source and destination on
the folio size.

Introduce folio_split_unmapped() to handle this special case.  Also
refactor code and add __folio_freeze_and_split_unmapped() helper that is
common to both __folio_split() and folio_split_unmapped().

This in turn removes the special casing introduced by the unmapped
parameter in __folio_split().

[balbirs@nvidia.com: v2]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251115084041.3914728-1-balbirs@nvidia.com
[balbirs@nvidia.com: fix clang-20 build]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251120134232.3588203-1-balbirs@nvidia.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add `inline' to shmem_uncharge() stub, per Balbir]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251114012228.2634882-1-balbirs@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbirs@nvidia.com>
Suggested-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com>
Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com>
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com>
Cc: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net>
Cc: Ying Huang <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Lyude Paul <lyude@redhat.com>
Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Cc: David Airlie <airlied@gmail.com>
Cc: Simona Vetter <simona@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com>
Cc: Mika Penttilä <mpenttil@redhat.com>
Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Cc: Francois Dugast <francois.dugast@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

include/linux/huge_mm.h

@@ -371,7 +371,8 @@ enum split_type {
 
 bool can_split_folio(struct folio *folio, int caller_pins, int *pextra_pins);
 int __split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(struct page *page, struct list_head *list,
-		unsigned int new_order, bool unmapped);
+		unsigned int new_order);
+int folio_split_unmapped(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order);
 int min_order_for_split(struct folio *folio);
 int split_folio_to_list(struct folio *folio, struct list_head *list);
 bool folio_split_supported(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
@@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ int folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order, struct page *page,
 static inline int split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(struct page *page, struct list_head *list,
 		unsigned int new_order)
 {
-	return __split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(page, list, new_order, false);
+	return __split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(page, list, new_order);
 }
 static inline int split_huge_page_to_order(struct page *page, unsigned int new_order)
 {

include/linux/shmem_fs.h

@@ -136,11 +136,16 @@ static inline bool shmem_hpage_pmd_enabled(void)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM
 extern unsigned long shmem_swap_usage(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
+extern void shmem_uncharge(struct inode *inode, long pages);
 #else
 static inline unsigned long shmem_swap_usage(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
+
+static inline void shmem_uncharge(struct inode *inode, long pages)
+{
+}
 #endif
 extern unsigned long shmem_partial_swap_usage(struct address_space *mapping,
 						pgoff_t start, pgoff_t end);
@@ -194,7 +199,6 @@ static inline pgoff_t shmem_fallocend(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t eof)
 }
 
 extern bool shmem_charge(struct inode *inode, long pages);
-extern void shmem_uncharge(struct inode *inode, long pages);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_USERFAULTFD
 #ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM

mm/huge_memory.c

@@ -3739,6 +3739,152 @@ bool folio_split_supported(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
 	return true;
 }
 
+static int __folio_freeze_and_split_unmapped(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
+					     struct page *split_at, struct xa_state *xas,
+					     struct address_space *mapping, bool do_lru,
+					     struct list_head *list, enum split_type split_type,
+					     pgoff_t end, int *nr_shmem_dropped, int extra_pins)
+{
+	struct folio *end_folio = folio_next(folio);
+	struct folio *new_folio, *next;
+	int old_order = folio_order(folio);
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct deferred_split *ds_queue;
+
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!mapping && end);
+	/* Prevent deferred_split_scan() touching ->_refcount */
+	ds_queue = folio_split_queue_lock(folio);
+	if (folio_ref_freeze(folio, 1 + extra_pins)) {
+		struct swap_cluster_info *ci = NULL;
+		struct lruvec *lruvec;
+		int expected_refs;
+
+		if (old_order > 1) {
+			if (!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
+				ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
+				/*
+				 * Reinitialize page_deferred_list after removing the
+				 * page from the split_queue, otherwise a subsequent
+				 * split will see list corruption when checking the
+				 * page_deferred_list.
+				 */
+				list_del_init(&folio->_deferred_list);
+			}
+			if (folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) {
+				folio_clear_partially_mapped(folio);
+				mod_mthp_stat(old_order,
+					MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, -1);
+			}
+		}
+		split_queue_unlock(ds_queue);
+		if (mapping) {
+			int nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
+
+			if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio) &&
+			    new_order < HPAGE_PMD_ORDER) {
+				if (folio_test_swapbacked(folio)) {
+					__lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio,
+							NR_SHMEM_THPS, -nr);
+				} else {
+					__lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio,
+							NR_FILE_THPS, -nr);
+					filemap_nr_thps_dec(mapping);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (folio_test_swapcache(folio)) {
+			if (mapping) {
+				VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(mapping, folio);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+
+			ci = swap_cluster_get_and_lock(folio);
+		}
+
+		/* lock lru list/PageCompound, ref frozen by page_ref_freeze */
+		if (do_lru)
+			lruvec = folio_lruvec_lock(folio);
+
+		ret = __split_unmapped_folio(folio, new_order, split_at, xas,
+					     mapping, split_type);
+
+		/*
+		 * Unfreeze after-split folios and put them back to the right
+		 * list. @folio should be kept frozon until page cache
+		 * entries are updated with all the other after-split folios
+		 * to prevent others seeing stale page cache entries.
+		 * As a result, new_folio starts from the next folio of
+		 * @folio.
+		 */
+		for (new_folio = folio_next(folio); new_folio != end_folio;
+		     new_folio = next) {
+			unsigned long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(new_folio);
+
+			next = folio_next(new_folio);
+
+			zone_device_private_split_cb(folio, new_folio);
+
+			expected_refs = folio_expected_ref_count(new_folio) + 1;
+			folio_ref_unfreeze(new_folio, expected_refs);
+
+			if (do_lru)
+				lru_add_split_folio(folio, new_folio, lruvec, list);
+
+			/*
+			 * Anonymous folio with swap cache.
+			 * NOTE: shmem in swap cache is not supported yet.
+			 */
+			if (ci) {
+				__swap_cache_replace_folio(ci, folio, new_folio);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/* Anonymous folio without swap cache */
+			if (!mapping)
+				continue;
+
+			/* Add the new folio to the page cache. */
+			if (new_folio->index < end) {
+				__xa_store(&mapping->i_pages, new_folio->index,
+					   new_folio, 0);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!nr_shmem_dropped);
+			/* Drop folio beyond EOF: ->index >= end */
+			if (shmem_mapping(mapping) && nr_shmem_dropped)
+				*nr_shmem_dropped += nr_pages;
+			else if (folio_test_clear_dirty(new_folio))
+				folio_account_cleaned(
+					new_folio, inode_to_wb(mapping->host));
+			__filemap_remove_folio(new_folio, NULL);
+			folio_put_refs(new_folio, nr_pages);
+		}
+
+		zone_device_private_split_cb(folio, NULL);
+		/*
+		 * Unfreeze @folio only after all page cache entries, which
+		 * used to point to it, have been updated with new folios.
+		 * Otherwise, a parallel folio_try_get() can grab @folio
+		 * and its caller can see stale page cache entries.
+		 */
+		expected_refs = folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + 1;
+		folio_ref_unfreeze(folio, expected_refs);
+
+		if (do_lru)
+			unlock_page_lruvec(lruvec);
+
+		if (ci)
+			swap_cluster_unlock(ci);
+	} else {
+		split_queue_unlock(ds_queue);
+		return -EAGAIN;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /**
  * __folio_split() - split a folio at @split_at to a @new_order folio
  * @folio: folio to split
@@ -3747,7 +3893,6 @@ bool folio_split_supported(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
  * @lock_at: a page within @folio to be left locked to caller
  * @list: after-split folios will be put on it if non NULL
  * @split_type: perform uniform split or not (non-uniform split)
- * @unmapped: The pages are already unmapped, they are migration entries.
  *
  * It calls __split_unmapped_folio() to perform uniform and non-uniform split.
  * It is in charge of checking whether the split is supported or not and
@@ -3763,9 +3908,8 @@ bool folio_split_supported(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
  */
 static int __folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
 		struct page *split_at, struct page *lock_at,
-		struct list_head *list, enum split_type split_type, bool unmapped)
+		struct list_head *list, enum split_type split_type)
 {
-	struct deferred_split *ds_queue;
 	XA_STATE(xas, &folio->mapping->i_pages, folio->index);
 	struct folio *end_folio = folio_next(folio);
 	bool is_anon = folio_test_anon(folio);
@@ -3776,7 +3920,7 @@ static int __folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
 	int nr_shmem_dropped = 0;
 	int remap_flags = 0;
 	int extra_pins, ret;
-	pgoff_t end;
+	pgoff_t end = 0;
 	bool is_hzp;
 
 	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
@@ -3819,14 +3963,12 @@ static int __folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
 		 * is taken to serialise against parallel split or collapse
 		 * operations.
 		 */
-		if (!unmapped) {
+		anon_vma = folio_get_anon_vma(folio);
-			anon_vma = folio_get_anon_vma(folio);
+		if (!anon_vma) {
-			if (!anon_vma) {
+			ret = -EBUSY;
-				ret = -EBUSY;
+			goto out;
-				goto out;
-			}
-			anon_vma_lock_write(anon_vma);
 		}
+		anon_vma_lock_write(anon_vma);
 		mapping = NULL;
 	} else {
 		unsigned int min_order;
@@ -3880,8 +4022,7 @@ static int __folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
 		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
-	if (!unmapped)
+	unmap_folio(folio);
-		unmap_folio(folio);
 
 	/* block interrupt reentry in xa_lock and spinlock */
 	local_irq_disable();
@@ -3898,142 +4039,15 @@ static int __folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* Prevent deferred_split_scan() touching ->_refcount */
+	ret = __folio_freeze_and_split_unmapped(folio, new_order, split_at, &xas, mapping,
-	ds_queue = folio_split_queue_lock(folio);
+						true, list, split_type, end, &nr_shmem_dropped,
-	if (folio_ref_freeze(folio, 1 + extra_pins)) {
+						extra_pins);
-		struct swap_cluster_info *ci = NULL;
-		struct lruvec *lruvec;
-		int expected_refs;
-
-		if (old_order > 1) {
-			if (!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
-				ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
-				/*
-				 * Reinitialize page_deferred_list after removing the
-				 * page from the split_queue, otherwise a subsequent
-				 * split will see list corruption when checking the
-				 * page_deferred_list.
-				 */
-				list_del_init(&folio->_deferred_list);
-			}
-			if (folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) {
-				folio_clear_partially_mapped(folio);
-				mod_mthp_stat(old_order,
-					MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, -1);
-			}
-		}
-		split_queue_unlock(ds_queue);
-		if (mapping) {
-			int nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
-
-			if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio) &&
-			    new_order < HPAGE_PMD_ORDER) {
-				if (folio_test_swapbacked(folio)) {
-					__lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio,
-							NR_SHMEM_THPS, -nr);
-				} else {
-					__lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio,
-							NR_FILE_THPS, -nr);
-					filemap_nr_thps_dec(mapping);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (folio_test_swapcache(folio)) {
-			if (mapping) {
-				VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(mapping, folio);
-				ret = -EINVAL;
-				goto fail;
-			}
-
-			ci = swap_cluster_get_and_lock(folio);
-		}
-
-		/* lock lru list/PageCompound, ref frozen by page_ref_freeze */
-		lruvec = folio_lruvec_lock(folio);
-
-		ret = __split_unmapped_folio(folio, new_order, split_at, &xas,
-					     mapping, split_type);
-
-		/*
-		 * Unfreeze after-split folios and put them back to the right
-		 * list. @folio should be kept frozon until page cache
-		 * entries are updated with all the other after-split folios
-		 * to prevent others seeing stale page cache entries.
-		 * As a result, new_folio starts from the next folio of
-		 * @folio.
-		 */
-		for (new_folio = folio_next(folio); new_folio != end_folio;
-		     new_folio = next) {
-			unsigned long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(new_folio);
-
-			next = folio_next(new_folio);
-
-			zone_device_private_split_cb(folio, new_folio);
-
-			expected_refs = folio_expected_ref_count(new_folio) + 1;
-			folio_ref_unfreeze(new_folio, expected_refs);
-
-			if (!unmapped)
-				lru_add_split_folio(folio, new_folio, lruvec, list);
-
-			/*
-			 * Anonymous folio with swap cache.
-			 * NOTE: shmem in swap cache is not supported yet.
-			 */
-			if (ci) {
-				__swap_cache_replace_folio(ci, folio, new_folio);
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			/* Anonymous folio without swap cache */
-			if (!mapping)
-				continue;
-
-			/* Add the new folio to the page cache. */
-			if (new_folio->index < end) {
-				__xa_store(&mapping->i_pages, new_folio->index,
-					   new_folio, 0);
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			/* Drop folio beyond EOF: ->index >= end */
-			if (shmem_mapping(mapping))
-				nr_shmem_dropped += nr_pages;
-			else if (folio_test_clear_dirty(new_folio))
-				folio_account_cleaned(
-					new_folio, inode_to_wb(mapping->host));
-			__filemap_remove_folio(new_folio, NULL);
-			folio_put_refs(new_folio, nr_pages);
-		}
-
-		zone_device_private_split_cb(folio, NULL);
-		/*
-		 * Unfreeze @folio only after all page cache entries, which
-		 * used to point to it, have been updated with new folios.
-		 * Otherwise, a parallel folio_try_get() can grab @folio
-		 * and its caller can see stale page cache entries.
-		 */
-		expected_refs = folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + 1;
-		folio_ref_unfreeze(folio, expected_refs);
-
-		unlock_page_lruvec(lruvec);
-
-		if (ci)
-			swap_cluster_unlock(ci);
-	} else {
-		split_queue_unlock(ds_queue);
-		ret = -EAGAIN;
-	}
 fail:
 	if (mapping)
 		xas_unlock(&xas);
 
 	local_irq_enable();
 
-	if (unmapped)
-		return ret;
-
 	if (nr_shmem_dropped)
 		shmem_uncharge(mapping->host, nr_shmem_dropped);
 
@@ -4077,6 +4091,48 @@ static int __folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/**
+ * folio_split_unmapped() - split a large anon folio that is already unmapped
+ * @folio: folio to split
+ * @new_order: the order of folios after split
+ *
+ * This function is a helper for splitting folios that have already been
+ * unmapped. The use case is that the device or the CPU can refuse to migrate
+ * THP pages in the middle of migration, due to allocation issues on either
+ * side.
+ *
+ * anon_vma_lock is not required to be held, mmap_read_lock() or
+ * mmap_write_lock() should be held. @folio is expected to be locked by the
+ * caller. device-private and non device-private folios are supported along
+ * with folios that are in the swapcache. @folio should also be unmapped and
+ * isolated from LRU (if applicable)
+ *
+ * Upon return, the folio is not remapped, split folios are not added to LRU,
+ * free_folio_and_swap_cache() is not called, and new folios remain locked.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success, -EAGAIN if the folio cannot be split (e.g., due to
+ *         insufficient reference count or extra pins).
+ */
+int folio_split_unmapped(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order)
+{
+	int extra_pins, ret = 0;
+
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_mapped(folio), folio);
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!folio_test_large(folio), folio);
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!folio_test_anon(folio), folio);
+
+	if (!can_split_folio(folio, 1, &extra_pins))
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	local_irq_disable();
+	ret = __folio_freeze_and_split_unmapped(folio, new_order, &folio->page, NULL,
+						NULL, false, NULL, SPLIT_TYPE_UNIFORM,
+						0, NULL, extra_pins);
+	local_irq_enable();
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * This function splits a large folio into smaller folios of order @new_order.
  * @page can point to any page of the large folio to split. The split operation
@@ -4125,12 +4181,12 @@ static int __folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
  * with the folio. Splitting to order 0 is compatible with all folios.
  */
 int __split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(struct page *page, struct list_head *list,
-				     unsigned int new_order, bool unmapped)
+				     unsigned int new_order)
 {
 	struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
 
 	return __folio_split(folio, new_order, &folio->page, page, list,
-			     SPLIT_TYPE_UNIFORM, unmapped);
+			     SPLIT_TYPE_UNIFORM);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -4161,7 +4217,7 @@ int folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
 		struct page *split_at, struct list_head *list)
 {
 	return __folio_split(folio, new_order, split_at, &folio->page, list,
-			     SPLIT_TYPE_NON_UNIFORM, false);
+			     SPLIT_TYPE_NON_UNIFORM);
 }
 
 int min_order_for_split(struct folio *folio)

mm/migrate_device.c

@@ -916,8 +916,7 @@ static int migrate_vma_split_unmapped_folio(struct migrate_vma *migrate,
 
 	folio_get(folio);
 	split_huge_pmd_address(migrate->vma, addr, true);
-	ret = __split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(folio_page(folio, 0), NULL,
+	ret = folio_split_unmapped(folio, 0);
-							0, true);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 	migrate->src[idx] &= ~MIGRATE_PFN_COMPOUND;