ipv6: Protect nh->f6i_list with spinlock and flag.

We will get rid of RTNL from RTM_NEWROUTE and SIOCADDRT.

Then, we may be going to add a route tied to a dying nexthop.

The nexthop itself is not freed during the RCU grace period, but
if we link a route after __remove_nexthop_fib() is called for the
nexthop, the route will be leaked.

To avoid the race between IPv6 route addition under RCU vs nexthop
deletion under RTNL, let's add a dead flag and protect it and
nh->f6i_list with a spinlock.

__remove_nexthop_fib() acquires the nexthop's spinlock and sets false
to nh->dead, then calls ip6_del_rt() for the linked route one by one
without the spinlock because fib6_purge_rt() acquires it later.

While adding an IPv6 route, fib6_add() acquires the nexthop lock and
checks the dead flag just before inserting the route.

Signed-off-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250418000443.43734-15-kuniyu@amazon.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>

include/net/nexthop.h

@@ -152,6 +152,8 @@ struct nexthop {
 	u8			protocol;   /* app managing this nh */
 	u8			nh_flags;
 	bool			is_group;
+	bool			dead;
+	spinlock_t		lock;       /* protect dead and f6i_list */
 
 	refcount_t		refcnt;
 	struct rcu_head		rcu;

net/ipv4/nexthop.c

@@ -541,6 +541,7 @@ static struct nexthop *nexthop_alloc(void)
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nh->f6i_list);
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nh->grp_list);
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nh->fdb_list);
+		spin_lock_init(&nh->lock);
 	}
 	return nh;
 }
@@ -2118,7 +2119,7 @@ static void remove_nexthop_group(struct nexthop *nh, struct nl_info *nlinfo)
 /* not called for nexthop replace */
 static void __remove_nexthop_fib(struct net *net, struct nexthop *nh)
 {
-	struct fib6_info *f6i, *tmp;
+	struct fib6_info *f6i;
 	bool do_flush = false;
 	struct fib_info *fi;
 
@@ -2129,13 +2130,24 @@ static void __remove_nexthop_fib(struct net *net, struct nexthop *nh)
 	if (do_flush)
 		fib_flush(net);
 
-	/* ip6_del_rt removes the entry from this list hence the _safe */
-	list_for_each_entry_safe(f6i, tmp, &nh->f6i_list, nh_list) {
+	spin_lock_bh(&nh->lock);
+
+	nh->dead = true;
+
+	while (!list_empty(&nh->f6i_list)) {
+		f6i = list_first_entry(&nh->f6i_list, typeof(*f6i), nh_list);
+
 		/* __ip6_del_rt does a release, so do a hold here */
 		fib6_info_hold(f6i);
+
+		spin_unlock_bh(&nh->lock);
 		ipv6_stub->ip6_del_rt(net, f6i,
 				      !READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_nexthop_compat_mode));
+
+		spin_lock_bh(&nh->lock);
 	}
+
+	spin_unlock_bh(&nh->lock);
 }
 
 static void __remove_nexthop(struct net *net, struct nexthop *nh,

net/ipv6/ip6_fib.c

@@ -1048,8 +1048,14 @@ static void fib6_purge_rt(struct fib6_info *rt, struct fib6_node *fn,
 	rt6_flush_exceptions(rt);
 	fib6_drop_pcpu_from(rt, table);
 
-	if (rt->nh && !list_empty(&rt->nh_list))
-		list_del_init(&rt->nh_list);
+	if (rt->nh) {
+		spin_lock(&rt->nh->lock);
+
+		if (!list_empty(&rt->nh_list))
+			list_del_init(&rt->nh_list);
+
+		spin_unlock(&rt->nh->lock);
+	}
 
 	if (refcount_read(&rt->fib6_ref) != 1) {
 		/* This route is used as dummy address holder in some split
@@ -1341,6 +1347,28 @@ static int fib6_add_rt2node(struct fib6_node *fn, struct fib6_info *rt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int fib6_add_rt2node_nh(struct fib6_node *fn, struct fib6_info *rt,
+			       struct nl_info *info, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack,
+			       struct list_head *purge_list)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	spin_lock(&rt->nh->lock);
+
+	if (rt->nh->dead) {
+		NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack, "Nexthop has been deleted");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	} else {
+		err = fib6_add_rt2node(fn, rt, info, extack, purge_list);
+		if (!err)
+			list_add(&rt->nh_list, &rt->nh->f6i_list);
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock(&rt->nh->lock);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
 static void fib6_start_gc(struct net *net, struct fib6_info *rt)
 {
 	if (!timer_pending(&net->ipv6.ip6_fib_timer) &&
@@ -1498,7 +1526,10 @@ int fib6_add(struct fib6_node *root, struct fib6_info *rt,
 	}
 #endif
 
-	err = fib6_add_rt2node(fn, rt, info, extack, &purge_list);
+	if (rt->nh)
+		err = fib6_add_rt2node_nh(fn, rt, info, extack, &purge_list);
+	else
+		err = fib6_add_rt2node(fn, rt, info, extack, &purge_list);
 	if (!err) {
 		struct fib6_info *iter, *next;
 
@@ -1508,8 +1539,6 @@ int fib6_add(struct fib6_node *root, struct fib6_info *rt,
 			fib6_info_release(iter);
 		}
 
-		if (rt->nh)
-			list_add(&rt->nh_list, &rt->nh->f6i_list);
 		__fib6_update_sernum_upto_root(rt, fib6_new_sernum(info->nl_net));
 
 		if (rt->fib6_flags & RTF_EXPIRES)